International
Peace Tribunal in Colombia charges former FARC for child recruitment
March 9th |
For the first time, Colombia’s Peace Tribunal indicted 10 mid-level commanders of the now-defunct Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia guerrillas for the recruitment and use of minors in the armed conflict, as well as 13 other war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murders, disappearances, executions and the use of anti-personnel mines.
Wednesday’s indictment is the first in what is known as Case 05, which investigates crimes committed during five decades of conflict in northern Cauca and southern Valle del Cauca, two departments in the southwest of the country where the FARC’s Western Bloc operated.
The Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), the court created after the signing of the peace agreement between the state and the FARC in 2016, has 10 major cases open in which it is trying former FARC combatants, members of the security forces, state agents and civilians.
At least 18,677 children were victims of forced recruitment during Colombia’s armed conflict, according to the court’s preliminary figures. That crime is being investigated separately in a case that covers the entire country but was included in the charges brought against the 10 former guerrillas on Wednesday.
The court found that the FARC used “recruitment as a political-military strategy as an armed organization,” according to the indictment, especially since the late 1990s, with a “significant increase” since 2011.
Former top FARC commanders have acknowledged that the guerrillas forcibly recruited minors, but have denied that this was a systematic practice.
In the area, most of the minors who joined the guerrilla ranks were indigenous or Afro-descendants, according to voluntary accounts from several of the ex-guerrillas. Former combatant Efrén Núñez Pulido acknowledged before the Court a policy of recruiting minors, among them an “indigenous girl under 15 years of age who was later shot”.
The minors, detailed the Tribunal, were taken through deception and economic offers and many of their families lost track of them or later received their lifeless bodies.
The Court also found that in northern Cauca and southern Valle del Cauca the now defunct guerrillas committed deliberate attacks against the civilian population and aimed to “declare a provisional government” in the area and then “expand their presence and obtain power through the use of arms”.
With its actions, the former guerrillas caused deaths and disappearances of indigenous people and peasants who were accused of being informants or leaders against the insurgency, displaced thousands of people and used anti-personnel mines to achieve territorial and social control and confine the communities, according to the Court.
The former FARC carried out “councils of war” and “executions” within its ranks in which several of its members were shot for going against the rules. According to the Court, the FARC disregarded the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions “since they killed minors and persons who were brought in solely for the purpose of being killed without guarantees”.
In its investigation, the Tribunal compared 28 reports and publications from State entities, indigenous and victims’ organizations, as well as 91 versions from former guerrillas.
The ex-combatants have 30 working days to acknowledge or reject the accusations. If they deny responsibility, they may defend themselves with a lawyer, but if they are found guilty in a trial they could be sentenced to up to 20 years in prison. If they accept responsibility, they would receive sanctions that do not imply imprisonment.
International
Austrian man arrested in Croatia with deceased woman as passenger in his car
A 65-year-old Austrian citizen was arrested at a border checkpoint in Croatia after attempting to enter the country in his car with a deceased woman sitting as a passenger, police announced on Tuesday.
The man was detained in a routine check in late November in Gunja, a border area separating Bosnia from Croatia, the police told AFP. Suspicious because they saw “no consciousness or movement” from the passenger, Croatian officers called a doctor, who confirmed the death of the 83-year-old woman, also Austrian, according to her identification.
The woman’s relationship to the suspect is unknown. She had died in Bosnia, and the man intended to repatriate her body to Austria to “avoid the formalities related to transporting a corpse,” according to the police. Croatian media reported that the man was her legal guardian.
Once her death was confirmed, a funeral service took charge of the body.
International
Colombian nationals arrested for human trafficking and disappearance of migrant boat
Colombian authorities arrested two nationals accused of the illegal trafficking of migrants to the United States and of endangering lives due to the disappearance of a boat with 40 people aboard, U.S. Department of Justice officials reported on Tuesday.
Hernando Manuel de la Cruz Rivera Orjuela, 52, and Luis Enrique Linero Pinto, 40, both Colombian citizens, were arrested on December 13 in Colombia at the request of the United States for their alleged involvement in a “transnational human trafficking operation,” the department said in a statement.
According to the charges, the detainees were transporting migrants to San Andrés Island in the Caribbean, where they would then be taken by boat to Nicaragua. The goal was to reach the United States through Central America and Mexico.
The accused are said to have advised the migrants on how to reach San Andrés Island, where they personally received them, arranged accommodations, and “took them to the boats that transported them to Nicaragua so they could enter the United States illegally,” the statement reads.
“These defendants put several migrants on the boat that disappeared off the coast of Nicaragua in 2023,” said Deputy Attorney General Nicole M. Argentieri, head of the U.S. Department of Justice’s Criminal Division, as cited in the statement.
Both men are “directly and personally responsible for the illicit trafficking of migrants on that vessel,” according to the indictment dated October 23.
International
Homemade landmine explosion in Michoacán kills two soldiers, injures five
Two soldiers were killed and five others were injured by the explosion of homemade landmines planted by a criminal group in a mountainous area of the Mexican state of Michoacán (west), the Secretary of Defense reported on Tuesday.
The attack occurred on Monday morning in the municipality of Cotija, a border area between Michoacán and the state of Jalisco, when the military was conducting a reconnaissance mission after receiving information about an armed camp in the area, explained Secretary General Ricardo Trevilla.
“At that moment, an improvised explosive device detonated. Unfortunately, two soldiers lost their lives, and five others were injured,” the military leader detailed. The affected soldiers were airlifted to hospitals in the region by a military helicopter, while the rest of the team continued with the reconnaissance of the area.
Trevilla stated that before the explosion, the military unit had located the dismembered bodies of three people, and upon continuing the mission, they confirmed the camp was abandoned.
Asked about the individuals responsible for placing the explosives, the general suggested they could be criminals linked to the local group Cárteles Unidos, which operates in Michoacán and uses these tactics in their territorial dispute with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, one of the most powerful criminal organizations in the country.
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