International

How did Simón Bolívar become El Libertador?

Photo: AP

October 16 |

Simón Bolívar, known as the Liberator of America, was a Caracas native who fought against Spanish colonialism and tried to integrate the continent into a single nation.

His history leaves as a major milestone the creation of “Gran Colombia”, a nation composed of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.

Bolivar is known as the father of Bolivia and one of the heroes of the independence of Peru.

But beyond his milestones, there is a title that precedes the name of Simón Bolívar and it is that of Liberator.

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The title of Liberator was given to him for being the leader of the first triumph of Venezuela’s independence, which served as an impulse to give freedom to the aforementioned six American nations.

How was Bolivar awarded the title of Liberator?

During the Admirable Campaign that began in Cúcuta-Colombia and ended on August 6, 1813 in Caracas, Bolívar liberated western Venezuela from Spanish colonialism.

The municipality of Caracas in response to his deed, on October 14 of that year, through the first governor of Venezuela, Cristobal Mendoza, granted him the title of “Liberator” and named him “Captain General of the Armies of Venezuela”.

The award ceremony was held in the church of San Francisco located in front of the Capitol of Caracas (current seat of the Legislative Power). Six years later, the Venezuelan Congress meeting in Angostura, today Ciudad Bolivar, in Venezuela, ratified the decision of the municipality for such appointment, from that moment on, the name of Simon Bolivar as “The Father of the Homeland” was strengthened.

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This title of Liberator accompanied him until the day of his death, Simón Bolívar is remembered for being the most influential Venezuelan in history.

International

Air Canada suspends JFK flights amid soaring fuel costs linked to Iran conflict

Air Canada announced on Friday that it will suspend its flights from Montreal and Toronto to New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport from June through late October, citing rising jet fuel costs driven by the conflict involving Iran.

“Since the beginning of the conflict with Iran, some routes and less profitable flights have become economically unviable, so we are making adjustments accordingly,” the airline said in a statement.

Despite the suspension, the carrier confirmed it will continue operating 34 daily flights from six Canadian cities to New York’s LaGuardia Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport.

Air Canada expects to resume its JFK operations after October 25.

Meanwhile, Iran announced the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz amid a temporary ceasefire in the region. However, jet fuel shortages could persist even if the truce holds.

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Fuel accounts for between 25% and 30% of operating costs for most airlines, and carriers worldwide have responded to the crisis by raising fares and suspending select routes due to safety and profitability concerns.

International

UK braces for potential CO₂ shortage amid Middle East tensions

The government of United Kingdom is preparing contingency measures amid fears of a potential shortage of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which could impact the agri-food industry if the Strait of Hormuz remains blocked due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, The Times reported on Thursday.

According to the newspaper, officials assessed this scenario during a recent crisis meeting aimed at evaluating the consequences of a prolonged conflict, triggered on February 28 by joint attacks from United States and Israel against Iran.

Under this scenario, CO₂ supplies—primarily a byproduct of fertilizer production using natural gas—could fall by up to 18%, affecting multiple sectors including agriculture and food production.

The gas is widely used in the slaughter of pigs and poultry, as well as in extending the shelf life of packaged foods. Breweries could also face disruptions due to reduced availability.

“I don’t want to comment on a leak, but now that the information is out there, I hope people feel reassured knowing we are working on it,” said Peter Kyle, Secretary of State for Business and Trade, in remarks to Sky News.

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While a drop in CO₂ supply is not expected to cause major shortages in supermarkets, it could limit product variety, The Times noted, citing access to internal government documents.

To mitigate the impact, authorities are considering prioritizing CO₂ supply for critical sectors such as healthcare and civil nuclear energy, where it is used in cooling systems for blood reserves, organs, vaccines, and electricity generation. The government may also request domestic producers to increase output.

Central America

El Salvador and Paraguay approve 2026–2028 cooperation program

The governments of El Salvador and Paraguay approved the 2026–2028 Cooperation Program, which includes six joint development projects, according to Salvadoran Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Adriana Mira.

Mira stated that El Salvador will act as the “main provider of cooperation,” contributing five initiatives focused on road infrastructure, tourism, and local development. She also noted that one of the projects will be led by the Paraguayan side, although no further details were disclosed.

The agreement was reached during the Second Meeting of the Joint Commission on Technical and Scientific Cooperation between both countries.

According to Paraguay’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the First Meeting of the Political Consultation and Bilateral Coordination Mechanism was also held, with the participation of Vice Minister Víctor Verdún.

In an official statement, the Paraguayan government reported that both delegations agreed to identify mechanisms to promote competitiveness, economic growth, and market access. They also committed to signing agreements related to air transport cooperation.