International

A Colombian woman researches the benefits of being bilingual

Vanessa Diaz is a Colombian woman who migrated to Miami when she was 12 years old. She is now a psychologist, with a PhD in Developmental Psychology, and who works at Virginia Tech. Vanessa studies and researches language development. And she focuses on bilingual children in the United States.

Diaz spent her childhood in Miami and was surrounded by the Latino community. So her transition was more smooth. However, she underwent a radical change when she moved to Gainesville to pursue her doctorate in child psychology and neuroscience at Virginia Tech. “This was the first time I experienced discrimination. Many people criticized my accent and thought I had not lived in the United States,” she said.

This experience prompted Vanessa to pursue a research on children and how being bilingual affects them. To her surprise, she discovered that there is actually a negative stereotype about children who speak two languages.

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“Many people assume that bilingual children are speech delayed, when they really need particular support. In language development, children have limited capacity. At one and a half years of age, they can speak 50 words. If you give this child an English language test, he will only know 25 words because he knows the other 25 words in Spanish. Then, someone will immediately say that he or she has a delay. But they don’t. And that shows that there is no understanding of what bilingualism is, and it has become a pathological condition,” she said.

There are cognitive benefits to being bilingual. It makes it much easier for a person to learn other languages. And it also makes you more open-minded. “The second language is the most difficult. Then learning another one becomes quite easy,” the scientist explained.

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She has also studied the concept of the mind and how bilingual children and adults develop it in a more advanced way compared to someone who speaks only one language. People who speak different languages have different cultures and depending on the culture, there is a different way of thinking. Therefore, they are more receptive to knowledge and learning.

Sources: Planet Boston Latino Daily and Connections.

International

Air Canada suspends JFK flights amid soaring fuel costs linked to Iran conflict

Air Canada announced on Friday that it will suspend its flights from Montreal and Toronto to New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport from June through late October, citing rising jet fuel costs driven by the conflict involving Iran.

“Since the beginning of the conflict with Iran, some routes and less profitable flights have become economically unviable, so we are making adjustments accordingly,” the airline said in a statement.

Despite the suspension, the carrier confirmed it will continue operating 34 daily flights from six Canadian cities to New York’s LaGuardia Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport.

Air Canada expects to resume its JFK operations after October 25.

Meanwhile, Iran announced the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz amid a temporary ceasefire in the region. However, jet fuel shortages could persist even if the truce holds.

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Fuel accounts for between 25% and 30% of operating costs for most airlines, and carriers worldwide have responded to the crisis by raising fares and suspending select routes due to safety and profitability concerns.

International

UK braces for potential CO₂ shortage amid Middle East tensions

The government of United Kingdom is preparing contingency measures amid fears of a potential shortage of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which could impact the agri-food industry if the Strait of Hormuz remains blocked due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, The Times reported on Thursday.

According to the newspaper, officials assessed this scenario during a recent crisis meeting aimed at evaluating the consequences of a prolonged conflict, triggered on February 28 by joint attacks from United States and Israel against Iran.

Under this scenario, CO₂ supplies—primarily a byproduct of fertilizer production using natural gas—could fall by up to 18%, affecting multiple sectors including agriculture and food production.

The gas is widely used in the slaughter of pigs and poultry, as well as in extending the shelf life of packaged foods. Breweries could also face disruptions due to reduced availability.

“I don’t want to comment on a leak, but now that the information is out there, I hope people feel reassured knowing we are working on it,” said Peter Kyle, Secretary of State for Business and Trade, in remarks to Sky News.

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While a drop in CO₂ supply is not expected to cause major shortages in supermarkets, it could limit product variety, The Times noted, citing access to internal government documents.

To mitigate the impact, authorities are considering prioritizing CO₂ supply for critical sectors such as healthcare and civil nuclear energy, where it is used in cooling systems for blood reserves, organs, vaccines, and electricity generation. The government may also request domestic producers to increase output.

Central America

El Salvador and Paraguay approve 2026–2028 cooperation program

The governments of El Salvador and Paraguay approved the 2026–2028 Cooperation Program, which includes six joint development projects, according to Salvadoran Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Adriana Mira.

Mira stated that El Salvador will act as the “main provider of cooperation,” contributing five initiatives focused on road infrastructure, tourism, and local development. She also noted that one of the projects will be led by the Paraguayan side, although no further details were disclosed.

The agreement was reached during the Second Meeting of the Joint Commission on Technical and Scientific Cooperation between both countries.

According to Paraguay’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the First Meeting of the Political Consultation and Bilateral Coordination Mechanism was also held, with the participation of Vice Minister Víctor Verdún.

In an official statement, the Paraguayan government reported that both delegations agreed to identify mechanisms to promote competitiveness, economic growth, and market access. They also committed to signing agreements related to air transport cooperation.