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Chile: rocky road to new constitution

Foto tomada de la web

AFP

Chileans head to the polls for a referendum on September 4 to vote on a proposed new constitution that would overhaul the country’s dictatorship-era system.

Here is a timeline of the country’s turmoil since bloody protests broke out nearly three years ago, in which a new constitution was a key demand.

2019: violent clashes

Protests in Chile’s capital, Santiago, against a rise in metro fares on October 18, 2019, escalate into clashes between police and demonstrators angry at gaping social inequality.

Center-right president Sebastian Pinera declares a state of emergency.

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Soldiers are deployed in the city the following day for the first time since the end of the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. 

Pinera — a billionaire — suspends the ticket price hike, but protests and clashes continue.

‘Chile is awake’

The state of emergency is extended to other regions as protests spread with people chanting: “Chile is awake.”

About 30 people are killed.

Pinera apologizes and announces more social spending on October 22, but a general strike begins with leaders demanding the military return to barracks.

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After some 1.2 million Chileans take to the streets in Santiago on October 25, the curfew and state of emergency are lifted and Pinera reshuffles his cabinet.

The street movement continues.

Constitutional referendum

In a breakthrough on November 15, lawmakers agree to a key opposition demand for a referendum on replacing the Pinochet-era constitution.

The government follows this up in early December with a $5.5-billion social plan, and a month later, the president announces reforms of the health system.

The United Nations, meanwhile, denounces multiple rights violations by police.

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2020: New clashes

After a period of calm despite demonstrations every Friday in Santiago, new clashes in late January 2020 turn deadly, with four people killed.

Violence erupts again on February 23 at Vina del Mar near Valparaiso, and then in early March in several other towns. 

The president announces police reform.

Virus, referendum put off

Chile declares a “national disaster” in mid-March due to the coronavirus pandemic, with protests paused and a referendum — originally scheduled for April — postponed until October.

‘Yes’ to new constitution

On October 25, Chileans vote by nearly four to one (79 percent) for a new constitution to be drawn up.

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2021: more delays

In late March 2021, Chile locks down four-fifths of its population as the virus surges again. The election of the constituent assembly charged with revising the constitution is put off to May.

Leaning left, new president

A third of newly-elected members of the constitutional convention — a majority left-leaning — are independents, with no single group winning a majority.

In the presidential election at the end of 2021, many voters after a polarized campaign — driven either by anti-communist sentiment or fear of a return to rightwing tyranny — opt to cast a protest vote for the candidate they consider the “lesser evil.”

Leftist candidate Gabriel Boric wins the election on December 19.

2022: progressive prospects

The new president introduces several measures addressing the economy and social rights.

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In April he presents a recovery plan of 3.7 billion dollars, notably to help families and create 500,000 jobs.

On July 4 Chile’s constitutional convention hands its draft to Boric. If adopted, it will make Chile one of the most progressive countries in the region.

In the first of the new constitution’s 388 articles, Chile is described as “a social and democratic State of law,” as well as “plurinational, intercultural and ecological.”

As well as recognizing the different peoples that make up the Chilean nation, the new constitution accords a certain amount of autonomy to Indigenous institutions, notably in matters of justice.

The right to elective abortion would become enshrined in law. It is today permitted only if there is a risk to the life of the pregnant woman, in cases of fetal non-viability and rape.

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International

Government paves the way for ‘Gordo Dan’, from the “armed arm of Milei”, to be a candidate

The head of staff of the Argentine government, Guillermo Francos, said this Friday that the far-right influencer Daniel Parisini, known as ‘Gordo Dan’ on social networks and visible face of the so-called ‘armed arm of Milei’, would be a “good candidate” for the 2025 legislative elections.

Francos’ statements to the Urbana Play radio station come in the midst of controversy over the presentation, last weekend, of the group ‘Fuerzas del Cielo’ by followers of the Argentine president, including Parasini, who described the movement as “the armed arm of Milei.”

“He’s a good candidate. He is a professional, a doctor, he has clarity, positioning him in more extreme positions makes no sense. She is a normal, balanced person, questioning the status quo, who wants Argentina to change, like many people,” Francos said.

‘Forces of Heaven’

Regarding the presentation of the ‘Forces of Heaven’, he indicated that “the impact on that act of a group of militants who decided to work together has been exaggerated” and added: “Who talked about weapons? He referred to the weapons of democracy, the use of the word through the cell phone and Twitter.”

“Today much more sophisticated mechanisms are used, networks are important for the dissemination of political ideas, but from there to interpret that this is a crisis armed with firearms,” he added.

The words of Javier Milei’s chief of staff, more than reassuring, have been interpreted as a way to pave the way for ‘Gordo Dan’ to be a candidate in 2025, according to the country’s media.

Gordo Dan repeats Javier Milei’s slogans

At the presentation of ‘Fuerzas del Cielo’, in the town of Buenos Aires de San Miguel, the speakers presented a fascist scenography, with banners with the legend “Argentina will be the lighthouse that illuminates the world” and allusions to the homeland, private property, freedom and family.

The main speaker was ‘Gordo Dan’, who attacked progressivism and repeated Milei’s slogans.

The newspaper Perfil publishes that Santiago Caputo, Milei’s advisor and strategist of the campaign that led him to victory a year ago, is the “shadowy leader” and Parasini, the visible face and “maximum reference” of the movement.

A group that, apparently, has the approval of Karina, the president’s sister and general secretary of the Presidency.
Neither Caputo nor Karina were at last Saturday’s event, but the far-right ideologue Agustín Laje, a personal friend of the president, was.

Who is Gordo Dan?

Daniel Parisini is a 32-year-old doctor who does not practice, originally from the province of Santiago del Estero (northern Argentina) and a militant since its beginnings of La Libertad Avanza (LLA), the far-right party created by Javier and Karina Milei.

Since Milei is president, the content creator walks around the Casa Rosada, attends official events and even advances dismissals of officials, despite not having a position in the Government.

He is the unofficial spokesperson to move the networks, a ‘troll’ that points to opponents. In his streaming program ‘La Misa’ he makes propaganda to the ‘libertarian’ universe, as he himself describes it, with all kinds of attacks on kirchenism, those who question the ideas of the LLA and feminism.

According to Perfil, Parasini is a partner of Carajo S.A., the company that has created the Carajo channel, from where La Misa is transmitted.
According to the company Rating Streaming, ‘Gordo Dan’ is the most influential in X and makes a big difference to the next most powerful of the networks in Argentina. It has 269,000 followers.

Last August, the Association of Argentine Television and Radio Journalists (APTRA) presented him with the Martín Fierro Digital 2024 award, in the category “the most influential in X”, and in his speech he thanked Alberto Fernández for “destroying Kirchnerism.”

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International

The Venezuelan Prosecutor’s Office investigates María Corina Machado for supporting a law approved in the US House of Law

The Venezuelan Prosecutor’s Office announced this Friday the opening of an investigation against the leader of anti-Chavismo María Corina Machado for – she assured – supporting the bill approved in the United States House of Representatives that prohibits US government institutions from hiring people or companies that have commercial ties with the Chavista Executive.

Through a statement published on Instagram, the Public Ministry (MP, Prosecutor’s Office) maintained that it decided to start this investigation against Machado to “be charged with his promotion and support for said legal defense that terrible sponsors criminal acts against the Venezuelan people.”

The crime for which the Prosecutor’s Office is investigating Machado is “treason to the homeland”

The institution maintained that the pronouncements made by Machado in favor of this bill constitute the commission of the crimes of “treason to the homeland”, conspiracy with foreign countries, as well as criminal association.

On Wednesday, Machado foresaw consequences for the government of Nicolás Maduro for this bill.

“The Bolivar law (officially Law of Prohibition of Operations and Leases with the Illegitimate Authoritarian Regime of Venezuela) sends a clear message to the regime: repression and criminal activities have consequences and no one will be able to normalize them,” Machado said through X, although the rule must be approved by the Senate for it to become effective.

Meanwhile, President Nicolás Maduro described the rule as “garbage,” while warning that those opponents who support this bill will be committing crimes, so they will have to comply with “the judicial consequences”, without specifying what they would be.

Perpetual disqualification

On Thursday, the Parliament – controlled by Chavismo – approved the discussion of an organic law that seeks to politically disqualify those who request countries, “terrorist groups or associations,” to impose economic sanctions against the Caribbean nation.

The bill was unanimously approved in the plenary, in which the president of the Chamber, the Chavista Jorge Rodríguez, insisted that the political disqualification must be perpetual.

The Bolivar bill was presented by Florida representatives Mike Waltz, Republican, and Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Democrat, who consider, in the words of the first, that the United States must “maintain the existing sanctions against the regime and seek to expand them to minimize Maduro’s resources to abuse the freedoms and prosperity of the Venezuelan people.”

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International

Trump appoints new members to his government cabinet

The president-elect of the United States, Donald Trump, announced four new nominations for his government cabinet, some of which will have to be ratified by the US Senate starting January 20, 2025.

The most controversial of them is that of Russell Thurlow Vought, one of the “architectures” of the ultra-conservative government program Project 2025, to be at the head of the Office of Management and Budget of his future Administration.

Vought, 48, was already in charge of that same portfolio during part of Trump’s first term (2017-2021).

“He did an excellent job: we removed four regulations for each new regulation, and it was a great success!” he said in a statement from his transition team.

A “cost reducer” in the cabinet

Trump recalled that Vought has spent many years working on public policies in Washington and is an “aggressive cost reducer and deregulator” who will help his government cabinet implement his “United States first” agenda in all agencies.

“He knows exactly how to dismantle the deep State (…) and will help us return self-government to the people,” added the future president about his chosen one.

An ex-NFL to Urban Planning and Housing

He also nominated in the Urban Planning and Housing portfolio of his future Administration the former American football player Scott Turner, who spent nine seasons in the National League of American Football (NFL) with the Washington Redskins, the San Diego Chargers and the Denver Broncos.

During Trump’s first term (2017-2021) Turner served as the first executive director of the White House’s revitalization and opportunity office, dedicated to the most needy communities.

According to the statement of the transition team, these areas received thanks to their work about 50 billion dollars (about 48 billion euros) in private investment.

Trump also pointed out that Turner, originally from Texas, is a pastor at the Prestonwood Baptist Church.

“He will work with me to make the United States great again for EVERY American,” said the New York tycoon, who also congratulated the appointment of the woman and the son of his chosen one.

The Work portfolio at the hands of a Latina

On the other hand, the congresswoman of Latin origin Lori Chavez-DeRemer will be his next Secretary of Labor.

“He has worked tirelessly with the business and labor sector to develop the workforce of the United States and support working men and women,” said the former president, who won the elections on November 5 against Democrat Kamala Harris.

As the congresswoman explained so far, her grandmother’s family emigrated to the United States from Mexico so that her children could live a better life and achieve their American dream.

“I am proud of my Latin roots and the achievements achieved by the Hispanic community in our great country,” she said in a Facebook post.

Chavez-DeRemer began her career in public service in 2002 at the Parks Committee of the city of Happy Valley, Oregon, and later won a position on the City Council, of which she was later president.

She was elected mayor in 2010, becoming the first Latino mayor of the municipality, and re-elected in 2014.
In 2022 she was elected to the US House of Representatives to represent the fifth district of the Oregon Congress.

A billionaire to take care of the Treasury

For the cabinet’s Treasury portfolio, Trump trusted billionaire Scott Bessent, investor and fund manager.

Bessent is the founder of the macro-investment firm Key Square Group, in the last election campaign he hosted a fundraising event for the Republican in South Carolina and Trump has described him in the past as one of the brightest minds on Wall Street.

In the event that his nomination is confirmed and validated by the Senate, Bessent awaits Bessen a crucial role in overseeing a broad portfolio that will cover international trade, taxes, financial regulation and US sanctions.

The Washington Post newspaper pointed out that people close to Trump’s transition team point out that the financier caught his attention in part because of his negative predictions about the impact of a possible Democratic victory in the elections of last November 5.

Bessent, who studied at Yale, was manager of George Soros’ fortune, but left the investor and philanthropist’s firm to set up his own fund.

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